Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

The Kunming and Montreal Framework for Biodiversity is a new international goal from 2021 onwards, replacing the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, which were international goals until 2020. It was adopted at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity held in December 2022.

2050 Vision

The vision of the Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework is a world of living in harmony with nature where: “By 2050,biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people.”

Goal A

The integrity, connectivity and resilience of all ecosystems are maintained, enhanced, or restored, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by 2050; Human induced extinction of known threatened species is halted, and, by 2050, the extinction rate and risk of all species are reduced tenfold and the abundance of native wild species is increased to healthy and resilient levels; The genetic diversity within populations of wild and domesticated species, is maintained, safeguarding their adaptive potential

Goal B

Biodiversity is sustainably used and managed and nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, are valued, maintained and enhanced, with those currently in decline being restored, supporting the achievement of sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations by 2050.

Goal C

The monetary and non-monetary benefits from the utilization of genetic resources, and digital sequence information on genetic resources, and of traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, as applicable, are shared fairly and equitably, including, as appropriate with indigenous peoples and local communities, and substantially increased by 2050, while ensuring traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources is appropriately protected, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, in accordance with internationally agreed access and benefit-sharing instruments.

Goal D

Adequate means of implementation, including financial resources, capacity-building, technical and scientific cooperation, and access to and transfer of technology to fully implement the Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework are secured and equitably accessible to all Parties, especially developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, progressively closing the biodiversity finance gap of 700 billion dollars per year, and aligning financial flows with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity.

2030 mission

The mission of the framework for the period up to 2030, towards the 2050 vision is: To take urgent action to halt and reverse biodiversity loss to put nature on a path to recovery for the benefit of people and planet by conserving and sustainably using biodiversity and ensuring the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the use of genetic resources, while providing the necessary means of implementation.

About action targets

1. Reducing threats to biodiversity

Target1 Establish a spatial plan

Place all areas under participatory, integrative and biodiversity-conscious spatial planning and/or effective management processes.

Target2 Natural regeneration

Ensure that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of areas of degraded terrestrial, inland water, and marine and coastal ecosystems are under effective restoration.

Target3 30 by 30

At least 30% of land and sea will be protected areas and OECM (30by30 target).

Target4 Species and gene conservation

Ensure emergency management actions to significantly reduce the risk of extinction and minimize human-wildlife conflict for coexistence.

Target5 Appropriate biological collection

Ensure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems.

Target6 Invasive species control

Reduce the introduction and retention rate of invasive alien species by more than 50%.

Target7 Pollution prevention/reduction

Halving excess nutrients flowing into the environment, halving the overall risk of pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals, and preventing and reducing prlastic pollution.

Target8 Climate change measures

Minimize the impact of climate change on biodiversity through nature-based solutions and ecosystem-based approaches.

2. Meeting people’s needs through sustainable use and benefit-sharing

Target9 Sustainable use of wild species.

Make the management and use of wild species sustainable and bring social, economic and environmental benefits to people.

Target10 Sustainable management of agriculture, forestry and fisheries

Agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry areas are managed sustainably, contributing to the resilience of production systems, long-term efficiency and productivity, and food security.

Target11 Utilization of nature's regulatory functions.

Restoration, maintenance and enhancement of natural contribution (NCP) through nature-based solutions/ecosystem-based approaches.

Target12 Securing green and water-friendly spaces.

Increase the area, quality, access, and benefits of green and hydrophilic spaces in urban areas, and ensure urban planning that takes biodiversity into consideration.

Target13 Access to genetic resources and benefit sharing (ABS).

Take benefit-sharing measures for genetic resources and digital sequence information (DSI) and promote a significant increase in profit sharing in accordance with the access and benefit-sharing (ABS) statement.

3. Tools and solutions for implementation and mainstreaming

Target14 Mainstreaming Biodiversity

Ensure the full integration of biodiversity and its multiple values into policies, regulations, planningand development processes, poverty eradication strategies, strategic environmental assessments, environmental impact assessments and, as appropriate, national accounting.

Target15 Business Impact Assessment and Disclosure

Take legal, administrative or policy measures to encourage and enable business, and in particular to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial institutions in order to progressively reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and promote actions to ensure sustainable patterns of production.

Target16 Sustainable consumption

Enabling sustainable consumption choices with the right information and reducing our global footprint by halving food waste, significantly reducing overconsumption, and significantly reducing waste generation.

Target17 Biosafety

Establish measures for biosafety, handling of biotechnology and its benefit sharing.

Target18 Identification and review of harmful subsidies.

Identify by 2025, and eliminate, phase out or reform incentives, including subsidies, harmful for biodiversity, in a proportionate, just, fair, effective and equitable way, while substantially and progressively reducing them by at least $500 billion per year by 2030.

Target19 Mobilizing funds

Mobilizing $200 billion annually from all sources, and increasing international funding from developed to developing countries to at least$20 billion per year by 2025 and at least $30 billion annually by 2030.

Target20 Capacity building, technology transfer

Strengthen capacity building and development, as well as access to and transfer of technology.

Target21 Strengthening access to knowledge

Make the best available data, information and knowledge available to decision-makers, practitioners and the public.

Target22 Ensuring the participation of women, youth and indigenous peoples

Ensure the participation of indigenous peoples and local communities, women, girls, children and youth, and persons with disabilities in decision-making related to biodiversity.

target23 Ensure gender equality

Ensure gender equality in the implementation of the Framework through a gender-responsive approach, where all women and girls have equal opportunity and capacity to contribute to the three objectives of the Convention.